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Simuliidae · mašalai
- black fly, blackfly, buffalo gnat, turkey gnat, white socks
- Kriebelmücken
- mašalai
- knišļu dzimta, knišļi
- meszkowate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_fly Most black flies gain nourishment by feeding on the blood of mammals, including humans, although the males feed mainly on nectar. They are usually small, black or gray, with short legs, and antennae. They are a common nuisance for humans. They spread several diseases, including river blindness in Africa and the Americas.
Eggs are laid in running water, and the larvae attach themselves to rocks. Breeding success is highly sensitive to water pollution. The larvae use tiny hooks at the ends of their abdomens to hold on to the substrate, using silk holdfasts and threads to move or hold their place. They have foldable fans surrounding their mouths. The fans expand when feeding, catching passing debris (small organic particles, algae, and bacteria). The larva scrapes the fan's catch into its mouth every few seconds. Black flies depend on lotic habitats to bring food to them. They will pupate under water and then emerge in a bubble of air as flying adults.‥
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