Adelges viridis · žaliasis chermesas «Picea abies · paprastoji eglė^Thumbnails»Adelges viridis · žaliasis chermesas«Picea abies · paprastoji eglė^Thumbnails»Adelges viridis · žaliasis chermesas«Picea abies · paprastoji eglė^Thumbnails»Adelges viridis · žaliasis chermesas

Adelges viridis · žaliasis chermesas

  • Sacchiphantes viridis, Chermes viridis (Ratzeburg, 1843)
  • Green Spruce Gall Adelgid
  • Grøn ananasgallelus
  • žaliasis chermesas
  • egļu dzeltenais hermess
  • Sparrengalluis, Gewone sparrenluis, Groene sparrenluis
  • ochojnik zielony
  • grön ananasgallus

0,6-2,5 mm ilgio, priklausomai nuo vystymosi fazės gali būti su sparneliais arba be sparnelių, žalios, gelsvai žalios, gelsvos ar rusvos spalvos. Dažnas eglių ir maumedžių medynuose. Pavojingiausias jaunuolynuose, nes pažeisti ūgliai nudžiūsta, išsikreivina liemenėliai.

Gegužės mėnesį patelės pradeda siurbti besivystančių ūglių sultis. Kiaušinius patelės deda pumpurų pamate, formuojasi gãlai. Išsiritusios lervos gyvena gãluose, minta sultimis. Liepos mėnesį lervos išlenda ir išsinėrusios tampa sparnuotais suaugėliais, kurie perskrenda ant maumedžių ir sudeda kiaušinėlius. Išsiritusios lervos žiemoja ant maumedžių spyglių ar žievės. Kitų metų vasarą suaugėliai deda kiaušinėlius. Iš kiaušinėlių išsivysto sparnuoti vabzdžai, kurie perskrenda ant eglių ir ten deda kiaušinėlius, iš kurių išsivysto patinai ir patelės. Pastarosios po ūglių žvyneliais padeda po vieną kiaušinėlį, iš kurių išsivystę vabzdžiai pumpurų pamate žiemoja ir sekančiais metais vėl tęsia ankščiau aprašytą vystymosi ciklą.

Kiti augalų gãlai

Most of the text below is from influentialpoints.com/Gallery/Adelges_viridis_green_spruce_gall_adelgid.htm, where it was published under a CC BY 3.0 License.

Of the three closely related adelgid (Adelgidae · egliniai amarai) species (Adelges viridis, Adelges viridana, Adelges abietis) A. viridis is the only holocyclic species. It host alternates between spruce (Picea) and larch (Larix). On spruce in May the fundatrix induces an ellipsoidal, 'pineapple gall' (second picture below) - usually about 15-20 mm in length, albeit its length less than 1.5 times the width. The spruce needles on the gall are often bent and are a slightly paler green than on a normal shoot. The slits to gall chambers are often orange-red or deep pink before opening. There is usually only a single gall at the shoot tip, with no growth beyond it (cf. Adelges abietis which often has several galls together at the base of adjacent shoots, and plant growth continues beyond the gall). The offspring of the fundatrix inside the gall are reddish-yellow to brown, powdered with white wax. The gall chambers open in June-July (cf. Adelges abietis whose galls open in August-September) to release the yellow-brown winged gallicolae. The Adelges viridis gallicola has 5-segmented antennae and five pairs of abdominal spiracles and is not distinguishable morphologically from the gallicola of Adelges abietis.

Adelges viridis gallicolae migrate to larch where they lay eggs. These hatch, then overwinter as young larvae. The following year the young nymphs first become evident on the new growing larch needles in mid-April as they develop to apterous sistentes. These do not produce much wax-wool and their pale greenish colour makes them difficult to locate. In early May the points on each needle where they have fed turn yellow and becomes slightly swollen, producing a characteristic kinking of the needle (see third picture above). The offspring of the sistens develop in May-June (earlier than other species) either to apterous forms which remain on larch or to winged sexuparae which fly back to spruce. These winged sexuparae can be distinguished from the winged gallicola of Adelges abietis (see Carter, 1971) by several characteristics:

  • The line of pigment running across the anal and medial veins of the forewing is parallel to the sub-costa (cf. Adelges abietis which has that line of pigment undulating).
  • There are granular wax gland areas present on the head (cf. Adelges abietis which has no head wax gland areas).
  • The offspring of sexuparae hatch into the summer sexual forms which mate, and the female lays eggs. These eggs hatch to give the fundatrices which induce the next generation of pineapple galls.

The green spruce gall adelgid may be found galling several spruce species including Norway spruce (Picea abies), sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), white spruce (Picea glauca) and Caucasian spruce (Picea orientalis). It host alternates to larch (Larix species). Adelges viridis is found throughout Europe, and is also found in China.

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